The traditional mud-and-mirror relief craft of Gujarat’s Kutch region, known as 'Lippan Kaam' (Mudwork), has historically served as an integral architectural and cultural element of the circular mud houses (Bhungas) built by indigenous communities such as the Rabari and Mutwa. Beyond aesthetic enhancement, this art provided a functional mechanism for thermal insulation in harsh desert climates. This research paper traces the evolution of Mudwork art as it transitioned from non-commercial vernacular wall murals to high-end global art galleries and contemporary interior spaces.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the face of education. AI tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini, intelligent tutoring systems, automated evaluation systems and learning analytics are already impacting the global learning and teaching landscape. These changes present new possibilities to improve the quality and accessibility of education, but also raise a number of questions about the nature and role of teachers. Traditionally, teachers are seen as purveyors of knowledge, mentors, facilitators and role models. But these are changing dramatically in the age of AI.

Study habits—systematic patterns of learning behaviour encompassing planning, strategy use, monitoring, and regulation—constitute one of the most powerful and malleable determinants of academic achievement. Drawing on cognitive psychology, self-regulated learning theory, and large-scale meta-analyses, this review synthesizes evidence on high-impact study strategies such as retrieval practice, distributed practice, elaboration, and metacognitive regulation.